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U-Giovanni D'Amore uxoxisane ngokusetshenziswa kwezihlaziyi ze-impedance kanye nezakhiwo ezichwepheshile ukuze zibonise izinto ze-dielectric nezizibuthe.
Sijwayele ukucabanga ngenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe kusukela ezizukulwaneni zamamodeli omakhalekhukhwini noma ama-node enqubo yokukhiqiza ama-semiconductor.Lokhu kunikeza intuthuko ewusizo ye-shorthand kodwa efihlakele ekuvumeleni ubuchwepheshe (njengomkhakha wesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo).
Noma ubani ohlukanise i-CRT TV noma uvule ugesi omdala uzokwazi into eyodwa: Awukwazi ukusebenzisa izingxenye zekhulu lama-20 ukwenza izinto zikagesi zekhulunyaka lama-21.
Isibonelo, intuthuko esheshayo kwisayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye ne-nanotechnology idale izinto ezintsha ezinezici ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ama-high-density, ama-inductors asebenza kahle kakhulu nama-capacitor.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezisetshenziswa ezisebenzisa lezi zinto kudinga ukulinganiswa okunembile kwezakhiwo zikagesi nezikazibuthe, njengokuvunyelwa nokungena, phezu kwebanga lamafrikhwensi okusebenza namabanga okushisa.
Izinto ze-Dielectric zidlala indima ebalulekile ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi ezifana nama-capacitor nama-insulators.I-dielectric constant of a material ingalungiswa ngokulawula ukubunjwa kwayo kanye/noma i-microstructure, ikakhulukazi i-ceramics.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukala izakhiwo ze-dielectric zezinto ezintsha ekuqaleni komjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwengxenye ukuze ubikezele ukusebenza kwazo.
Izakhiwo zikagesi zezinto ze-dielectric zibonakala ngemvume yazo eyinkimbinkimbi, equkethe izingxenye zangempela nezicatshangelwayo.
Ingxenye yangempela ye-dielectric constant, ebizwa nangokuthi i-dielectric constant, imelela ikhono lempahla yokugcina amandla lapho ingaphansi kwensimu kagesi.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezinezinsimbi eziphansi ze-dielectric, izinto ezinama-dielectric constants aphezulu zingagcina amandla amaningi ngevolumu yeyunithi ngayinye. , okubenza babe usizo kuma-capacitor aphezulu.
Izinto ezinama-dielectric constants aphansi zingasetshenziswa njengama-insulators awusizo ezinhlelweni zokudlulisa isignali, ngokuqondile ngoba azikwazi ukugcina amanani amakhulu wamandla, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukubambezeleka kokusabalalisa isignali ngokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izintambo ezifakwe kuzo.
Ingxenye ecatshangelwayo yemvume eyinkimbinkimbi imelela amandla achithwa yizinto ze-dielectric emkhakheni kagesi.Lokhu kudinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukukhipha amandla amaningi kumadivayisi afana nama-capacitor enziwe ngalezi zinto ezintsha ze-dielectric.
Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokulinganisa i-dielectric constant.Indlela yepuleti elihambisanayo ibeka into engaphansi kokuhlolwa (MUT) phakathi kwama-electrode amabili.Isibalo esiboniswe kuMfanekiso 1 sisetshenziselwa ukukala ukuthintana kwezinto futhi kuguqulelwe kumvume eyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto isho ukushuba kwezinto kanye nendawo kanye nobubanzi be-electrode.
Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukulinganisa imvamisa ephansi.Nakuba isimiso silula, ukulinganisa okunembile kunzima ngenxa yamaphutha okulinganisa, ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezilahlekelwa kancane.
Imvume eyinkimbinkimbi iyahlukahluka ngokuvama, ngakho-ke kufanele ihlolwe imvamisa yokusebenza.Ezindaweni eziphezulu, amaphutha abangelwa uhlelo lokulinganisa azokwanda, okuholela ekulinganisweni okungalungile.
I-Dielectric material test fixture (njenge-Keysight 16451B) inama-electrode amathathu.Amabili awo enza i-capacitor, kanti eyesithathu inikeza i-electrode evikelayo.I-electrode evikelayo iyadingeka ngoba uma insimu kagesi isungulwa phakathi kwama-electrode amabili, ingxenye yocingo indawo kagesi izogeleza ku-MUT efakwe phakathi kwabo (bheka uMdwebo 2).
Ukuba khona kwalo mkhakha we-fringe kungaholela ekulinganisweni okuyiphutha kwe-dielectric constant ye-MUT.I-electrode yokuvikela idonsa okwamanje egeleza ensimini ye-fringe, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukunemba kokulinganisa.
Uma ufuna ukukala izakhiwo ze-dielectric zento, kubalulekile ukuthi ulinganise impahla kuphela futhi akukho okunye.Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isampula yezinto ezibonakalayo iphansi kakhulu ukuze kuqedwe noma yiziphi izikhala zomoya phakathi kwayo kanye ne- i-electrode.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokufeza lokhu.Eyokuqala ukusebenzisa ama-electrode efilimu amancane ebusweni bento okufanele ihlolwe.Eyesibili iwukuthola imvume eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuqhathanisa amandla phakathi kwama-electrode, akalwa lapho ekhona futhi engekho. yezinto zokwakha.
I-electrode egadayo isiza ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kokulinganisa kumaza aphansi, kodwa ingase ithinte kabi inkambu kazibuthe kumaza aphezulu.Abanye abahloli banikeza izinto ozikhethelayo ze-dielectric fixtures ngama-electrode ahlangene anganweba ububanzi obusebenzisekayo befrikhwensi yale nqubo yokulinganisa.I-Software ingakwazi futhi ukusiza ukuqeda imiphumela ye-fringing capacitance.
Amaphutha asele abangelwa ukulungiswa kanye nabahlaziyi angancishiswa yisifunda esivulekile, isifunda esifushane kanye nesinxephezelo somthwalo.Abanye abahlaziyi be-impedance bakhelwe kulo msebenzi wesinxephezelo, okusiza ukwenza izilinganiso ezinembile phezu kobubanzi obuningi.
Ukuhlola ukuthi izakhiwo zezinto ze-dielectric zishintsha kanjani ngezinga lokushisa kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamakamelo alawulwa izinga lokushisa kanye nezintambo ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa.Abanye abahlaziyi bahlinzeka ngesofthiwe yokulawula iseli elishisayo kanye nekhithi yekhebula ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa.
Njengezinto ze-dielectric, izinto ze-ferrite zithuthuka kancane kancane, futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini kagesi njengezingxenye ze-inductance kanye nozibuthe, kanye nezingxenye zama-transformer, ama-absorber magnetic field kanye nama-sppressors.
Izici ezibalulekile zalezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlanganisa ukungeneka kanye nokulahleka kwazo kumaza okusebenza abalulekile.Isihlaziyi se-impedance esinozibuthe wezinto ezibonakalayo singanikeza izilinganiso ezinembile neziphindaphindekayo phezu kwebanga elibanzi lefrikhwensi.
Njengezinto ze-dielectric, ukungeneka kwezinto zikazibuthe kuyisici esiyinkimbinkimbi esivezwa ezingxenyeni zangempela nezicatshangelwayo.Itemu langempela limelela ikhono lempahla lokuqhuba i-flux kazibuthe, futhi igama elicatshangelwayo limelela ukulahlekelwa kwento.Izinto ezinokungena kazibuthe okuphezulu zingaba esetshenziselwa ukunciphisa usayizi nesisindo sesistimu kazibuthe.Ingxenye yokulahlekelwa yokungena kazibuthe ingancishiswa ukuze isebenze kahle kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezifana neziguquli, noma yenziwe ibe nkulu ezinhlelweni ezifana nokuvikela.
I-permeability eyinkimbinkimbi inqunywa ukuvinjelwa kwe-inductor okwenziwe yi-material.Ezimweni eziningi, iyahlukahluka nge-frequency, ngakho-ke kufanele ibonakale ku-frequency yokusebenza.Emafrikhwensi aphezulu, ukulinganisa okunembile kunzima ngenxa ye-impedance ye-parasitic ye-parasitic impedance ukulungiswa.Ngokwezinto ezilahlekelwayo kancane, i-engeli yesigaba se-impedance ibalulekile, nakuba ukunemba kwesilinganiso sesigaba ngokuvamile akwanele.
Ukungena kwamagnetic nakho kushintsha ngezinga lokushisa, ngakho isistimu yokulinganisa kufanele ikwazi ukuhlola ngokunembile izici zezinga lokushisa phezu kwebanga elibanzi lefrikhwensi.
Ukungena okuyinkimbinkimbi kungatholwa ngokukala ukuthintana kwezinto zikazibuthe.Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusonga ezinye izintambo entweni kanye nokulinganisa i-impedance ehlobene nokuphela kocingo. Imiphumela ingase yehluke kuye ngokuthi ucingo bulimele kanjani kanye nokusebenzisana wensimu kazibuthe nendawo ezungezile.
I-magnetic test fixture (bona Umfanekiso 3) inikeza i-inductor ejika kanye ezungeza ikhoyili ye-toroidal ye-MUT. Akukho ukuvuza okugelezayo ku-single-turn inductance, ngakho inkambu kazibuthe ku-fixture ingabalwa ngetiyori kazibuthe. .
Uma isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-impedance/i-material analyzer, umumo olula we-coaxial fixture kanye ne-toroidal MUT ingahlolwa ngokunembile futhi ingafinyelela ukumbozwa kwefrikhwensi ebanzi ukusuka ku-1kHz ukuya ku-1GHz.
Iphutha elibangelwa uhlelo lokulinganisa lingaqedwa ngaphambi kokulinganisa.Iphutha elibangelwa i-impedance analyzer lingalinganiswa ngokulungiswa kwephutha lezinsuku ezintathu.Emafrikhwensi aphezulu, ukulinganisa kwe-capacitor yokulahlekelwa okuphansi kungathuthukisa ukunemba kwe-engeli yesigaba.
I-fixture inganikeza omunye umthombo wephutha, kodwa noma iyiphi inductance eyinsalela inganxeshezelwa ngokulinganisa into ngaphandle kwe-MUT.
Njengesilinganiso se-dielectric, igumbi lokushisa kanye nezintambo ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa ziyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe izici zokushisa zezinto ezisebenza kazibuthe.
Omakhalekhukhwini abangcono, izinhlelo ezithuthuke kakhulu zokusiza abashayeli kanye namakhompyutha aphathekayo asheshayo konke kuncike entuthukweni eqhubekayo yohlu olubanzi lobuchwepheshe.Singakwazi ukukala inqubekelaphambili yama-semiconductor process node, kodwa uchungechunge lobuchwepheshe obusekelayo luthuthuka ngokushesha ukuze lezi zinqubo ezintsha zibe khona. zisetshenziswe.
Intuthuko yakamuva kwisayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye ne-nanotechnology yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza izinto ezinezakhiwo ezingcono kakhulu ze-dielectric kanye nezizibuthe kunangaphambili. Nokho, ukulinganisa lokhu kuthuthuka kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ngoba asikho isidingo sokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto nezinto ezilungiswayo lapho zifakiwe.
Amathuluzi acatshangelwe kahle kanye nezinto ezilungiswayo zinganqoba eziningi zalezi zinkinga futhi zilethe izilinganiso zempahla ye-dielectric nekazibuthe enokwethenjelwa, ephindaphindwayo futhi ephumelelayo kubasebenzisi abangenabo ubuchwepheshe obuthile kule mikhakha.Umphumela kufanele ube ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe kuyo yonke indawo. i-electronic ecosystem.
I-“Electronic Weekly” ihlanganyele ne-RS Grass Roots ukuze igxile ekwethuleni onjiniyela bagesi abancane abakhanya kakhulu e-UK namuhla.
Thumela izindaba zethu, amabhulogi kanye namazwana ngqo ebhokisini lakho lokungenayo!Bhalisela i-e-weekly newsletter: isitayela, igajethi eyingcweti, kanye nezindatshana zansuku zonke nezeviki.
Funda isengezo sethu esikhethekile sokugubha iminyaka engama-60 ye-Electronic Weekly futhi ubheke phambili ekusaseni lomkhakha.
Funda uhlelo lokuqala lwe-Electronic Weekly ku-inthanethi: September 7, 1960. Siskene uhlelo lokuqala ukuze ulujabulele.
Funda isengezo sethu esikhethekile sokugubha iminyaka engama-60 ye-Electronic Weekly futhi ubheke phambili ekusaseni lomkhakha.
Funda uhlelo lokuqala lwe-Electronic Weekly ku-inthanethi: September 7, 1960. Siskene uhlelo lokuqala ukuze ulujabulele.
Lalela le podcast futhi ulalele u-Chetan Khona (Umqondisi Wemboni, Umbono, Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo Nesayensi, i-Xilinx) ekhuluma ngokuthi i-Xilinx kanye nemboni ye-semiconductor basabela kanjani ezidingweni zamakhasimende.
Ngokusebenzisa le webhusayithi, uyavumelana nokusetshenziswa kwamakhukhi.I-Electronics Weekly iphethwe yi-Metropolis International Group Limited, ilungu le-Metropolis Group; ungabuka ubumfihlo bethu kanye nenqubomgomo yekhukhi lapha.