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Nakuba ukuklinywa kwemodi evamile kudumile, okunye okungenzeka isihlungi se-EMI se-monolithic. Uma ukwakheka kunengqondo, lezi zingxenye ze-ceramic ze-multilayer zinganikeza ukucindezelwa komsindo kwemodi evamile.
Izinto eziningi zandisa inani "lomsindo" wokuphazamiseka okungalimaza noma kuphazamise ukusebenza kwemishini kagesi. Imoto yanamuhla iyisibonelo esivamile. Emotweni, ungathola i-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, umsakazo wesathelayithi, amasistimu e-GPS, futhi lesi yisiqalo nje. Ukuze ulawule lolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka komsindo, imboni ivamise ukusebenzisa izihlungi zokuvikela kanye ne-EMI ukuqeda umsindo ongadingeki. Kodwa manje ezinye izixazululo zendabuko zokuqeda i-EMI/RFI azisasebenzi.
Le nkinga ibangele ama-OEM amaningi ukuthi agweme ukukhetha okufana nokuhluka kwe-2-capacitor, 3-capacitor (i-X capacitor eyodwa kanye nama-Y capacitor amabili), izihlungi ze-feedthrough, ukuminyanisa kwemodi evamile noma inhlanganisela yalokhu ukuze uthole izixazululo ezifaneleka kakhulu, njenge-Monolithic. Isihlungi se-EMI esinokucindezela okungcono komsindo kuphakheji elincane.
Lapho okokusebenza kwe-elekthronikhi kuthola amaza kagesi anamandla, amaza angafuneki angase adonswe kusekethe futhi abangele ukusebenza okungalindelekile-noma aphazamise ukusebenza okuhlosiwe.
I-EMI/RFI ingaba sesimweni sokukhishwa kwekhabhoni eyenziwe noma ekhishwa ngemisebe. Uma kwenziwa i-EMI, kusho ukuthi umsindo usakazeka kumakhondatha kagesi. Uma umsindo usakazwa emoyeni ngesimo senkundla kazibuthe noma amaza omsakazo, i-EMI ekhishwayo iyenzeka.
Ngisho noma amandla asetshenziswa ngaphandle emancane, uma exutshwe namaza omsakazo asetshenziselwa ukusakaza nokuxhumana, angabangela ukwehluleka ukwamukela, umsindo ongavamile, noma ukuphazamiseka kwevidiyo. Uma amandla enamandla kakhulu, izinto zikagesi zingalimala.
Imithombo ihlanganisa umsindo wemvelo (njengokuphuma kwe-electrostatic, ukukhanya, neminye imithombo) nomsindo wokwenziwa (njengomsindo wokuxhumana, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuvuza zemvamisa ephezulu, imisebe eyingozi, njll.). Ngokuvamile, umsindo we-EMI/RFI uwumsindo wemodi evamile, ngakho-ke isisombululo ukusebenzisa izihlungi ze-EMI ukuqeda amaza aphezulu angafuneki njengedivayisi ehlukile noma eshumekwe ebhodini lesekethe.
Isihlungi se-EMI sesihlungi se-EMI sivamise ukwakhiwa ngezingxenye ze-passive, njengama-capacitor nama-inductors, axhunywe ukwenza isekethe.
“Ama-Inductors avumela i-DC noma i-low-frequency current ukuthi idlule, kuyilapho ivimba amaza ayingozi angamaza aphezulu. Ama-Capacitors ahlinzeka ngendlela ephansi yokunciphisa umsindo wokudlulisa umsindo we-high-frequency kusuka kokufaka kwesihlungi emuva kumandla noma uxhumano lomhlabathi, "kusho u-Johanson Dielectrics Christophe Cambrelin uthe inkampani yenza ama-capacitor e-ceramic amaningi kanye nezihlungi ze-EMI.
Izindlela zokuhlunga ezijwayelekile zemodi evamile zifaka izihlungi zephasi eliphansi zisebenzisa ama-capacitor adlulisa amasignali anefrikhwensi ephansi kunefrikhwensi yokusika ekhethiwe futhi anciphise amasignali ngamafrikhwensi aphezulu kune-cutoff frequency.
Isiqalo esivamile ukusebenzisa ipheya yama-capacitor ekucushweni okuhlukile, kusetshenziswa i-capacitor phakathi komkhondo ngamunye kanye nomhlabathi wokufaka okuhlukile. Isihlungi se-capacitor egatsheni ngalinye sidlulisela i-EMI/RFI phansi ngaphezu kwefrikhwensi yokusika ecacisiwe. Njengoba lokhu kumisa kuhilela ukuthumela amasignali esigaba esiphambene ngezintambo ezimbili, kuthuthukisa isilinganiso sesignali-kumsindo ngenkathi kuthumela umsindo ongafuneki phansi.
"Ngeshwa, inani le-capacitance ye-MLCCs nge-X7R dielectrics (evame ukusetshenziselwa lo msebenzi) ihluka kakhulu ngesikhathi, i-voltage ye-bias, kanye nokushisa," kusho uCambrelin.
“Ngakho-ke noma lawa ma-capacitor amabili ehambisana eduze negumbi lokushisa kanye ne-voltage ephansi, ngesikhathi esithile, uma isikhathi, amandla kagesi, noma izinga lokushisa lishintsha, kungenzeka agcine enamanani ahluke kakhulu. Lolu hlobo oluphakathi kwemigqa emibili Ukungafani kuzodala izimpendulo ezingalingani eduze nokunqamuka kwesihlungi. Ngakho-ke, iguqula umsindo wemodi evamile ibe umsindo ohlukile. "
Esinye isisombululo ukuhlanganisa inani elikhulu le-capacitor "X" phakathi kwama-capacitor amabili "Y". I-“X” capacitor shunt inganikeza umphumela odingekayo wokulinganisa wemodi evamile, kodwa izokhiqiza imiphumela engathandeki yokuhlunga isignali ehlukile. Mhlawumbe isixazululo esivame kakhulu nezinye izihlungi ze-low-pass ukuklinywa kwemodi evamile.
Imodi evamile ukuminyanisa i-transformer engu-1:1 lapho womabili ama-winding asebenza njengesisekelo nesesibili. Kule ndlela, i-current edlula ukuphenduka okukodwa idonsa umsinga ophambene kwenye ijika. Ngeshwa, ukuklinywa kwemodi evamile nakho kuyasinda, kuyabiza, futhi kujwayele ukwehluleka okubangelwa ukudlidliza.
Noma kunjalo, imodi evamile yokuminyanisa ehambisana nokufanelana kahle nokuhlangana phakathi kwama-winding ibonakala ngale kumasiginali ahlukene futhi inokuphazamiseka okuphezulu kumsindo wemodi evamile. Okubi okukodwa kokuklinywa kwemodi evamile ububanzi befrikhwensi obulinganiselwe obubangelwa amandla e-parasitic. Kokubalulekile okunikeziwe, ukuphakama kwe-inductance esetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuhlunga okuphansi, inani elikhulu lokujika elidingekayo kanye nekhono le-parasitic eliza nakho, okwenza ukuhlunga kwefrikhwensi ephezulu kungasebenzi.
Ukungafani ekubekezeleni kokukhiqiza komshini phakathi kwama-winding kungabangela ukuguqulwa kwemodi, lapho ingxenye yamandla esignali iguqulwa ibe umsindo wemodi evamile, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Lesi simo sizodala ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic kanye nezinkinga zokuzivikela komzimba. Ukungafani futhi kunciphisa inductance esebenzayo yomlenze ngamunye.
Kunoma ikuphi, lapho isignali ehlukanisayo (idlula) isebenza kububanzi obufanayo befrikhwensi njengomsindo wemodi evamile okufanele ucindezelwe, ukuminyanisa kwemodi evamile kunenzuzo enkulu kunezinye izinketho. Kusetshenziswa ukuklinywa kwemodi evamile, ibhande lokudlula lesignali linganwetshwa kubhandi yemodi evamile.
Izihlungi ze-Monolithic EMI Nakuba ukuklinywa kwemodi evamile kudumile, okunye okungaba khona izihlungi ze-monolithic EMI. Uma ukwakheka kunengqondo, lezi zingxenye ze-ceramic ze-multilayer zinganikeza ukucindezelwa komsindo kwemodi evamile. Ahlanganisa ama-parallel capacitor amabili alinganayo kuphakheji elilodwa, elinokukhanselwa kwe-mutual inductance kanye nemiphumela yokuvikela. Lezi zihlungi zisebenzisa izindlela zikagesi ezimbili ezizimele kudivayisi eyodwa exhunywe ekuxhumekeni okune kwangaphandle.
Ukuze uvimbele ukudideka, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isihlungi se-EMI se-monolithic asisona i-feedthrough capacitor yendabuko. Nakuba zibukeka zifana (iphakheji efanayo nokubukeka), imiklamo yazo ihluke kakhulu, futhi izindlela zabo zokuxhuma nazo zihlukile. Njengezinye izihlungi ze-EMI, isihlungi se-EMI se-single-chip sinciphisa wonke amandla ngaphezu kwefrikhwensi yokusika ecacisiwe, futhi sikhetha kuphela amandla esignali adingekayo ukuze kudlule, kuyilapho sidlulisela umsindo ongafuneki “emhlabathini”.
Kodwa-ke, ukhiye uyi-inductance ephansi kakhulu kanye ne-impedance efanayo. Ngesihlungi se-EMI se-monolithic, itheminali ixhunywe ngaphakathi ku-electrode yereferensi evamile (eyisivikelo) kudivayisi, futhi ibhodi lihlukaniswa yi-electrode eyireferensi. Ngokuphathelene nogesi omile, ama-node amathathu kagesi akhiwa ngama-halves amabili e-capacitive, ahlanganyela i-electrode yereferensi evamile, wonke ama-electrode okubhekisela aqukethwe emzimbeni owodwa we-ceramic.
Ibhalansi phakathi kwama-halves amabili e-capacitor iphinde isho ukuthi imiphumela ye-piezoelectric iyalingana futhi iphambene, ikhansela ngaphandle. Lobu budlelwane buphinde buthinte izinguquko ezingeni lokushisa kanye ne-voltage, ngakho izingxenye zemigqa emibili zinezinga elifanayo lokuguga. Uma lezi zihlungi ze-EMI ze-monolithic zinobubi, azikwazi ukusetshenziswa uma umsindo wemodi evamile uyimvamisa efanayo nesiginali ehlukile. "Kulokhu, ukuminyanisa kwemodi evamile kuyisixazululo esingcono," kusho uCambrelin.
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