izindaba

Ezimpilweni zethu, sivame ukusebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, efana nomakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha, ama-TV, njll.; kodwa, ingabe uyazi ukuthi lezi zinto zikagesi zakhiwe izinkulungwane zezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, kodwa Asikunakanga ukuba khona kwazo. Ake sibheke izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezakha le mishini kagesi, bese senza izinga eliphezulu eli-10 lalezi zinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zikagesi.

Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezihlukahlukene kumaselula
1. Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu
Okokuqala, ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezivame ukusetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezivame ukusetshenziswa yilezi: ama-capacitor, resistors, inductors, potentiometers, diode, transistors, amashubhu e-electron, ama-relay, ama-transformer, izixhumi, izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezibucayi, ama-resonators, izihlungi, amaswishi, njll.
2. Amazinga aphezulu ayi-10 ezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zikagesi
Okulandelayo, siqhubeka nokubheka amazinga aphezulu ayi-10 ezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukuze sibone ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye engaba umphathi.
Inombolo ye-10: I-Transformer. Umgomo wokusebenza we-transformer (igama lesiNgisi: Transformer) iyisisetshenziswa esisebenzisa isimiso sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic ukushintsha i-voltage ye-AC. Idlala indima ekukhuphuleni nasekwehliseni i-voltage emishinini kagesi, futhi inemisebenzi efana ne-impedance efanayo kanye nokuhlukaniswa nokuphepha.

No. 9: Inzwa. Inzwa (igama lesiNgisi: transducer/sensor) iyisisetshenziswa esibonayo ekwazi ukuzwa ulwazi olulinganiswayo, futhi ingaguqula imininingwane ezwayo ibe amasignali kagesi noma ezinye izinhlobo ezidingekayo zokukhishwa kolwazi ngokuya ngemithetho ethile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokudluliswa kolwazi, ukucubungula, ukugcinwa. , izimfuneko zokubonisa, ukurekhoda nokulawula. Ukuze bathole ulwazi emazweni angaphandle, abantu kufanele basebenzise izitho zezinzwa. Kodwa-ke, izitho zezinzwa zabantu azinele ngokwanele ekucwaningweni kwezinto zemvelo nemithetho nemisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Ukuze uvumelane nalesi simo, izinzwa ziyadingeka. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi inzwa iyisandiso sezitho ezinhlanu zomuntu, ezaziwa nangokuthi izinzwa ezinhlanu zikagesi.

Inombolo 8: Ishubhu yomphumela wenkundla. I-Field effect transistor (Igama lesiNgisi: Isifinyezo se-Field Effect Transistor (FET)), igama eligcwele le-field effect transistor, iyithuluzi le-semiconductor esebenzisa umphumela wenkundla kagesi we-loop yokufaka yokulawula ukulawula i-loop yamanje ephumayo, futhi iqanjwe ngalo. yona. Ishubhu yomphumela wensimu kufanele isetshenziselwe ukukhulisa, ukumelana nokuguquguquka, ukusetshenziswa okulula njengomthombo wamanje oqhubekayo, ukushintshwa kwe-elekthronikhi, i-impedance ephezulu yokufaka, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwe-impedance.

Inombolo 7: I-Transistor. I-transistor iyidivayisi ye-semiconductor elawula yamanje futhi engakwazi ukukhulisa okwamanje. Umsebenzi wayo ukukhulisa isignali ebuthakathaka ibe isignali kagesi enenani elikhulu le-amplitude; iphinde isetshenziswe njengokushintsha kokungathintwa ukulawula amasekhethi e-electronic ahlukahlukene.

Inombolo 6: I-Varactor diode. I-Varactor Diodes (Igama lesiNgisi: I-Varactor Diodes), eyaziwa nangokuthi "I-Variable Reactance Diodes", enziwa ngokusebenzisa isici sokuthi amandla okuhlangana ayahlukahluka nge-voltage esetshenzisiwe lapho ukuhlangana kwe-pN kuchemile okuhlanekezelwe. Isetshenziswa ekushuneni kwe-high-frequency, ukuxhumana nezinye izifunda. Isetshenziswa njenge-capacitor eguquguqukayo. . Isetshenziswa kumasekhethi anefrikhwensi ephezulu yokushuna okuzenzakalelayo, ukushintshashintsha kwefrikhwensi, nokulinganisa, isibonelo, njenge-capacitor eguquguqukayo ku-tuning loop yesitholi sikamabonakude.

I-Varactor diode
No. 5: Inductor. I-inductance iyimpahla yeluphu evaliwe kanye nenani elibonakalayo. Lapho ikhoyili idlula i-current, insimu kazibuthe iyengelwa kukhoyili, futhi insimu yamagnetic eyenziwe izokhiqiza i-current eyenzelwe ukumelana namanje edlula ikhoyili; i-inductor (igama lesiNgisi: Inductor) yingxenye ye-inductance eyenziwe ngezakhiwo ze-inductance. Uma kungekho okwamanje nge-inductor, izozama ukuvimba okwamanje ukuthi ingagelezi kuyo lapho isifunda sivuliwe; uma i-inductor isesimweni samanje, izozama ukugcina i-current uma isifunda sivaliwe. Ama-inductors abizwa nangokuthi ama-chokes, ama-reactors, nama-reactor ashukumisayo.

Inombolo 4: I-Zener diode. I-Zener diode (igama lesiNgisi elithi Zener diode) iwukusetshenziswa kwe-pn junction reverse breakdown state, yamanje ingashintshwa ebangeni elikhulu kuyilapho i-voltage iyinto efanayo, eyenziwe nge-diode enomphumela wokusimamisa i-voltage. Le diode iyisisetshenziswa se-semiconductor enokumelana okuphezulu kuze kube yilapho i-voltage ebucayi yokuhlehla inyuka. Kuleli phuzu elibucayi lokuphuka, ukumelana okuphambene kuncishisiwe kube inani elincane kakhulu, futhi ukwanda kwamanje kulesi sifunda sokumelana okuphansi. I-voltage ihlala ingashintshi, futhi i-diode ye-Zener ihlukaniswa ngokuya nge-voltage yokuwohloka. Ngenxa yalesi sici, i-Zener diode isetshenziswa kakhulu njengesilawuli sikagesi noma ingxenye yereferensi kagesi. Ama-diode e-Zener angaxhunywa ochungechungeni ukuze asetshenziswe kuma-voltage aphezulu, futhi ama-voltage aphezulu azinzile angatholwa ngokuwaxhuma ochungechungeni.

I-Zener diode
Inombolo 3: I-Crystal diode. I-Crystal diode (Igama lesiNgisi: crystaldiode) Idivaysi emikhawulweni yomibili ye-semiconductor kudivayisi ye-elekthronikhi yesimo esiqinile. Isici esiyinhloko salezi zisetshenziswa izici zawo ezingezona umugqa zamanje-voltage. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokwenziwa kwe-semiconductor kanye nobuchwepheshe benqubo, kusetshenziswa izinto ezihlukene ze-semiconductor, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-doping, nezakhiwo zejometri, izinhlobonhlobo ze-crystal diode ezinezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo nemisebenzi ehlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kuye kwathuthukiswa. Izinto zokukhiqiza zifaka i-germanium, i-silicon kanye nama-semiconductors ahlanganisiwe. Ama-crystal diode angasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza, ukulawula, ukwamukela, ukuguqula, ukukhulisa amasignali, nokwenza ukuguqulwa kwamandla. Ama-crystal diode asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi, kodwa angabekwa endaweni yesithathu kuphela ohlwini lwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezivame ukusetshenziswa.

I-Crystal diode
Inombolo 2: Ama-Capacitor. Ama-capacitor ngokuvamile afushaniswa njengama-capacitor (igama lesiNgisi: i-capacitor). I-capacitor, njengoba negama liphakamisa, 'isitsha sokubamba ugesi', isisetshenziswa esibamba amashaji kagesi. Ama-Capacitor angenye yezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kumishini kagesi. Asetshenziswa kakhulu kumasekethe afana nokuvimba, ukuhlanganisa, ukudlula, ukuhlunga, ukushuna amalophu, ukuguqulwa kwamandla, nokulawula.
Ama-Capacitor asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi, kodwa angabekwa endaweni yesibili kuphela ohlwini lwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezivame ukusetshenziswa. Manje isikhathi sokufakaza lesi simangaliso sesifikile.
No. 1: Abaphikisi. Ama-resistors (igama lesiNgisi: Resistor) ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuqondile ngokuthi ama-resistors ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Kuyisici samanje esikhawulelayo. I-Resistor inomphumela ovimbelayo ku-current. Ingakwazi ukukhawulela okwamanje ngokusebenzisa igatsha elixhunywe kuyo, futhi okwamanje ingashintshwa ukumelana kokumelana, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izingxenye ezihlukahlukene emishinini ye-elekthronikhi zisebenza ngokuzinzile ngaphansi kwamandla amanje alinganisiwe. , Nakuba indima yokumelana ijwayelekile kakhulu, kodwa ukubaluleka kwayo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngokumelana nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene.