izindaba

Isimiso sokusebenza se-inductance singabonakali kakhulu. Ukuze sichaze ukuthi i-inductance iyini, siqala kusukela kusenzakalo esiyisisekelo somzimba.

1. Izigigaba ezimbili kanye nomthetho owodwa: uzibuthe obangelwa ugesi, ugesi owenziwe yizibuthe, kanye nomthetho kaLenz

1.1 Isenzakalo se-electromagnetic

Kukhona ukuhlolwa kwe-physics yesikole samabanga aphezulu: lapho inaliti encane kazibuthe ibekwe eduze komqhubi onamanje, isiqondiso senaliti encane kazibuthe siyaphambuka, okubonisa ukuthi kukhona inkambu kazibuthe ezungeze lamanje. Lesi simo satholwa isazi sefiziksi saseDenmark u-Oersted ngo-1820.

Uma sisonta i-conductor ibe yindilinga, amandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa yindilinga ngayinye ye-conductor angadlulana, futhi indawo yonke kazibuthe izoba namandla, engaheha izinto ezincane. Emfanekisweni, ikhoyili inikwa amandla nge-current ye-2 ~ 3A. Qaphela ukuthi intambo ene-enameled inomkhawulo wamanje olinganiselwe, ngaphandle kwalokho izoncibilika ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

2. Isenzo sikagesi kagesi

Ngo-1831, usosayensi waseBrithani uFaraday wathola ukuthi lapho ingxenye kakhondakta wesekhethi evaliwe inyakaza ukuze isike amandla kazibuthe, ugesi uzophehlwa ku-conductor. Okudingekayo ukuthi isifunda kanye nensimu yamagnetic isendaweni eshintshashintshayo, ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi "i-dynamic" magnetoelectricity, futhi okwamanje okukhiqizwa kubizwa ngokuthi i-induced current.

Singenza ucwaningo ngenjini. Emotweni evamile ye-DC brushed, ingxenye ye-stator iwuzibuthe unomphela futhi ingxenye ye-rotor iyikhoyili ikhoyili. Ukuzungezisa i-rotor mathupha kusho ukuthi umqhubi uyanyakaza ukuze asike imigqa yamandla kazibuthe. Ngokusebenzisa i-oscilloscope ukuxhuma ama-electrode amabili enjini, ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage kungalinganiswa. I-generator yenziwe ngokusekelwe kulesi simiso.

3. Umthetho kaLenz

Umthetho we-Lenz: Isiqondiso samanje esidalwe ukuguqulwa kwe-magnetic flux isiqondiso esiphikisana noshintsho lwe-magnetic flux.

Ukuqonda okulula kwalo musho ukuthi: lapho inkambu kazibuthe (inkundla kazibuthe yangaphandle) yendawo yomqhubi iba namandla, inkambu kazibuthe ekhiqizwa amandla ayo akhona iphambene nenkundla kazibuthe yangaphandle, okwenza ingqikithi yamandla kazibuthe ibe buthakathaka kuneyangaphandle. insimu kazibuthe. Lapho inkambu kazibuthe (inkundla kazibuthe yangaphandle) yendawo kazibuthe iba buthakathaka, inkambu kazibuthe ekhiqizwa amandla ayo asetshenziswayo iphambene nendawo yangaphandle kazibuthe, okwenza ingqikithi yamandla kazibuthe ibe namandla kunenkundla kazibuthe yangaphandle.

Umthetho we-Lenz ungasetshenziswa ukucacisa isiqondiso se-current induced kumjikelezo.

2. I-Spiral tube coil – ichaza ukuthi ama-inductors asebenza kanjaniNgolwazi lwalezi zenzakalo ezimbili ezingenhla nomthetho owodwa, ake sibone ukuthi ama-inductors asebenza kanjani.

I-inductor elula kunazo zonke ikhoyili ye-spiral tube:

Isimo ngesikhathi sokukhanyisa

Sika ingxenye encane yeshubhu elithandelayo futhi singabona amakhoyili amabili, ikhoyili A kanye nekhoyili B:

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwamandla, isimo simi kanje:

①Ikhoyili A idlula ku-current, kucatshangwa ukuthi isiqondiso sayo sinjengoba kuboniswa umugqa oqinile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obizwa ngokuthi i-excitation current yangaphandle;
②Ngokwesimiso sikazibuthe kagesi, amandla akhona avusa amadlingozi akhiqiza insimu kazibuthe, eqala ukusabalala endaweni ezungezile futhi imboze ikhoyili engu-B, okulingana ngekhoyili B ukusika imigqa yamandla kazibuthe, njengoba kuboniswa umugqa wamachashazi aluhlaza;
③Ngokwesimiso se-magnetoelectricity, i-current ekhiqizwayo ikhiqizwa ikhoyili B, futhi isiqondiso sayo sinjengoba kuboniswa umugqa oqinile oluhlaza, ophambene ne-excitation current yangaphandle;
④Ngokomthetho we-Lenz, inkambu kazibuthe ekhiqizwa amandla akhona iwukumelana nenkundla kazibuthe yamanje evusa amadlingozi, njengoba kuboniswa umugqa wamachashazi aluhlaza;

Isimo ngemuva kokuthi ugesi uzinzile (DC)

Ngemuva kokuthi amandla avuliwe azinzile, amandla aphuma ngaphandle ekhoyili A ahlala njalo, futhi inkambu kazibuthe eyikhiqizayo nayo ayishintshile. Inkambu kazibuthe ayinakho ukunyakaza okuhlobene nekhoyili B, ngakho-ke awukho ugesi ozibuthe, futhi awukho okwamanje omelwe ulayini oqinile oluhlaza. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-inductor ilingana nesekhethi emfushane yokuvusa kwangaphandle.

3. Izici ze-inductance: i-current ayikwazi ukushintsha ngokuzumayo

Ngemva kokuqonda ukuthi kanjani iinductorisebenza, ake sibheke isici sayo esibaluleke kakhulu - i-current in inductor ayikwazi ukushintsha ngokuzumayo.

Emfanekisweni, i-eksisi evundlile yejika elingakwesokudla yisikhathi, futhi i-eksisi eqondile ingeyamanje kusixhumi. Isikhathi lapho iswishi ivaliwe khona sithathwa njengomsuka wesikhathi.

Kuyabonakala ukuthi:1. Okwamanje ukushintshwa kuvaliwe, okwamanje ku-inductor ngu-0A, okulingana ne-inductor evuliwe-circuited. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uguquko lwamanje ngokushesha lushintsha kakhulu, oluzokhiqiza umsinga omkhulu (oluhlaza) ukumelana namandla angaphandle avusa amadlingozi (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka);

2. Enqubweni yokufinyelela esimweni sokuzinza, i-current ku-inductor ishintsha ngokuphawulekayo;

3. Ngemva kokufinyelela esimweni sokuzinza, i-current ku-inductor ithi I=E/R, okulingana nokuthi i-inductor ine-circuited emfushane;

4. Okuhambisana ne-current induced yi-electromotive force eyenziwe, esebenza ngokumelene no-E, ngakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-Back EMF (i-reverse electromotive force);

4. Kuyini ngempela inductance?

I-inductance isetshenziselwa ukuchaza ikhono ledivayisi ukumelana nezinguquko zamanje. Ikhono elinamandla lokumelana nezinguquko zamanje, i-inductance inkulu, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.

Ngesasasa le-DC, i-inductor ekugcineni isesimweni esifushane (i-voltage ingu-0). Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwamandla, i-voltage kanye ne-current akuyona i-0, okusho ukuthi kukhona amandla. Inqubo yokuqongelela la mandla ibizwa ngokuthi ukushaja. Igcina la mandla ngendlela yezibuthe futhi ikhiphe amandla lapho edingeka (njengalapho isasasa langaphandle lingakwazi ukugcina usayizi wamanje usesimweni esizinzile).

Ama-inductors angamadivayisi angasebenzi emkhakheni we-electromagnetic. Amadivayisi angasebenzi awazithandi izinguquko, njengama-flywheels ku-dynamics. Kunzima ukuqala ukuphotha ekuqaleni, futhi uma seziqalile ukuphotha, kuba nzima ukuzimisa. Yonke inqubo ihambisana nokuguqulwa kwamandla.

Uma unentshisekelo, sicela uvakashele iwebhusayithiwww.tclmdcoils.com.