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Kwenzekani uma ufaka ama-inductors nama-capacitor kusekethe?Into epholile-futhi ibalulekile ngempela.
Ungenza izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zama-inductors, kodwa uhlobo oluvame kakhulu i-cylindrical coil-a solenoid.
Lapho i-current idlula ku-loop yokuqala, ikhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe edlula kwamanye amaluphu.Ngaphandle kokuthi i-amplitude ishintshe, indawo kazibuthe ngeke ibe nomthelela ngempela.Indawo kazibuthe eshintshayo ikhiqiza izinkambu zikagesi kwezinye izifunda.Indlela yale nsimu kagesi ikhiqiza ushintsho emandleni kagesi njengebhethri.
Okokugcina, sinedivayisi enomehluko ongaba khona ngokulingana nezinga lesikhathi soshintsho lwamanje (ngoba yamanje ikhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe).Lokhu kungabhalwa ngokuthi:
Kunezinto ezimbili okufanele zikhonjwe kule zibalo.Okokuqala, u-L yi-inductance.Kuncike kuphela kujometri ye-solenoid (noma noma yikuphi ukuma onakho), futhi inani layo likalwa ngendlela ka-Henry.Okwesibili, kukhona ukukhishwa. uphawu.Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwamandla kuyo yonke i-inductor kuphambene noshintsho lwamanje.
Ingabe i-inductance iziphatha kanjani kusekethe?Uma une-current engaguquki, khona-ke alukho ushintsho (i-direct current), ngakho-ke awukho umehluko ongaba khona kuyo yonke i-inductor-yenza sengathi ayikho.Uma ukhona. i-high-frequency current (i-AC circuit), kuzoba nomehluko omkhulu ongaba khona kuyo yonke i-inductor.
Ngokunjalo, kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukene zokucushwa kwama-capacitor.Umumo olula usebenzisa amapuleti amabili ahambisanayo, ngalinye lineshaji (kodwa i-net charge inguziro).
Ukushaja kulawa mapuleti kudala inkambu kagesi ngaphakathi kwe-capacitor.Ngenxa yenkundla kagesi, amandla kagesi phakathi kwamapuleti nawo kufanele ashintshe.Inani lalo mehluko ongaba khona lincike enanini lokushaja.Umehluko ongaba khona kuyo yonke i-capacitor ungaba kubhalwe kanje:
Lapha u-C inani le-capacitance kuma-farads-kubuye kuncike kuphela ekucushweni ngokomzimba kwedivayisi.
Uma i-current ingena ku-capacitor, inani lokushaja ebhodini lizoshintsha.Uma kukhona okwamanje (noma i-frequency ephansi) yamanje, i-current izoqhubeka nokwengeza ukushaja kumapuleti ukuze kwandiswe amandla, ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amandla azokwazi ekugcineni. ube njengesifunda esivulekile, futhi i-voltage ye-capacitor izolingana ne-voltage yebhethri (noma ukunikezwa kwamandla) .Uma unomthamo we-high-frequency current, ukushaja kuzokwengezwa futhi kukhishwe amapuleti ku-capacitor, futhi ngaphandle kwenkokhelo. ukunqwabelana, i-capacitor izoziphatha sengathi ayikho.
Ake sithi siqala nge-capacitor eshajiwe bese siyixhuma ku-inductor (akukho ukumelana kumjikelezo ngoba ngisebenzisa izintambo zomzimba eziphelele).Cabanga isikhathi lapho lezi ezimbili zixhumekile.Uma sicabanga ukuthi kukhona iswishi, bese ngikwazi ukudweba. umdwebo olandelayo.
Yilokhu okwenzekayo.Okokuqala, akukho okwamanje (ngoba inkinobho ivuliwe).Uma inkinobho ivaliwe, kuzoba nokwamanje, ngaphandle kokumelana, lokhu kwamanje kuzogxumela kokungapheli.Nokho, lokhu kwanda okukhulu kwamanje kusho ukuthi amandla akhiqizwa kuyo yonke i-inductor azoshintsha.Ngesikhathi esithile, ushintsho olungenzeka kuyo yonke i-inductor luzoba lukhulu kunoshintsho kuyo yonke i-capacitor (ngoba i-capacitor ilahlekelwa ukushaja njengoba igeleza yamanje), bese i-current izohlehla futhi iphinde ishaje i-capacitor. .Le nqubo izoqhubeka iphindaphinda-ngoba akukho ukumelana.
Ibizwa ngokuthi i-LC circuit ngoba ine-inductor (L) kanye ne-capacitor (C)-Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kusobala.Ushintsho olungase lube khona kuwo wonke umjikelezo kufanele lube nguziro (ngoba umjikelezo) ukuze ngibhale:
Sobabili mina no-Q siyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Kunokuxhumana phakathi kuka-Q kanye nami ngoba okwamanje izinga lesikhathi sokushintsha kweshaji elishiya i-capacitor.
Manje ngine-equation ehlukile ye-oda lesibili lokuguquguquka kwezindleko. Lokhu akuyona isibalo esinzima ukukuxazulula-eqinisweni, ngingaqagela isisombululo.
Lokhu kucishe kufane nesixazululo senqwaba entwasahlobo (ngaphandle kwalokhu, isikhundla siyashintshwa, hhayi inkokhiso).Kodwa linda!Akudingeki siqagele isisombululo, ungasebenzisa futhi izibalo zezinombolo ukuze xazulula le nkinga.Ake ngiqale ngamavelu alandelayo:
Ukuxazulula le nkinga ngezinombolo, ngizohlukanisa inkinga ibe izinyathelo zesikhathi esincane. Esinyathelweni ngasinye, ngizo:
Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuhle kakhulu.Kungcono nakakhulu, ungakwazi ukukala isikhathi se-oscillation sesekhethi (sebenzisa igundane ukuze uye phezulu futhi uthole inani lesikhathi), bese usebenzisa indlela elandelayo ukuze uyiqhathanise nemvamisa ye-angular elindelwe:
Impela, ungashintsha okunye okuqukethwe ohlelweni futhi ubone ukuthi kwenzekani-qhubeka, ngeke ucekele phansi lutho unomphela.
Imodeli engenhla ayilona iqiniso.Amasekhethi angempela (ikakhulukazi izintambo ezinde kuma-inductors) anokumelana.Uma bengifuna ukufaka lesi siphikisa kumodeli yami, isekethe ibizobukeka kanje:
Lokhu kuzoshintsha i-voltage loop equation.Manje sekuzoba negama lokwehla okungaba khona kuyo yonke i-resistor.
Ngingaphinda ngisebenzise ukuxhumana phakathi kokushaja nokwamanje ukuze ngithole isibalo esilandelayo esihlukile:
Ngemva kokwengeza i-resistor, lokhu kuzoba i-equation enzima kakhulu, futhi asikwazi nje “ukuqagela” isisombululo. Nokho, akufanele kube nzima kakhulu ukulungisa ukubala kwezinombolo okungenhla ukuxazulula le nkinga.Eqinisweni, inguquko kuphela ulayini obala okuphuma kwesibili kwenkokhiso.Ngengeze igama lapho ukuchaza ukumelana (kodwa hhayi i-oda lokuqala).Ngisebenzisa i-resistor engu-3 ohm, ngithola umphumela olandelayo (cindezela inkinobho yokudlala futhi ukuze uyiqalise).
Yebo, ungakwazi futhi ukushintsha amanani ka-C no-L, kodwa qaphela. Uma ephansi kakhulu, imvamisa izoba phezulu kakhulu futhi udinga ukushintsha usayizi wesinyathelo sesikhathi ube yinani elincane.
Uma wenza imodeli (ngokuhlaziya noma izindlela zezinombolo), kwesinye isikhathi awukwazi ngempela ukuthi isemthethweni noma inkohliso ngokuphelele.Enye indlela yokuhlola imodeli iwukuqhathanisa nedatha yangempela.Masenze lokhu.Lena yami setting.
Isebenza kanjena.Okokuqala, ngisebenzise amabhethri amathathu ohlobo lwe-D ukuze ngishaje ama-capacitor.Ngikwazi ukubona ukuthi i-capacitor isicishe ishajwe ngokugcwele ngokubheka i-voltage ngaphesheya kwe-capacitor.Okulandelayo, nqamula ibhethri bese uvala iswishi khipha i-capacitor ngokusebenzisa i-inductor.I-resistor iyingxenye yocingo kuphela-anginayo i-resistor ehlukile.
Ngazama izinhlanganisela eziningana ezahlukene zama-capacitor nama-inductors, futhi ekugcineni ngathola umsebenzi othile.Kulokhu, ngisebenzise i-5 μF capacitor kanye ne-transformer endala ebukeka kabi njenge-inductor yami (engaboniswa ngenhla).Angiqiniseki ngenani le i-inductance, ngakho-ke ngivele ngilinganise imvamisa yekona futhi ngisebenzise inani lami elaziwayo le-capacitance ukuze ngixazulule i-13.6 inductance ka-Henry.Ngokumelana, ngizame ukukala leli nani nge-ohmmeter, kodwa ukusebenzisa inani lama-715 ohms kumodeli yami kwabonakala kusebenza. best.
Lena igrafu yemodeli yami yezinombolo kanye ne-voltage elinganisiwe kusekethe yangempela (ngasebenzisa i-Vernier differential voltage probe ukuze ngithole i-voltage njengomsebenzi wesikhathi).
Ayingifanele kahle-kodwa isondele ngokwanele kimina.Ngokusobala, ngiyakwazi ukulungisa amapharamitha kancane ukuze ngilingane kangcono, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi imodeli yami ayihlanyi.
Isici esiyinhloko sale sekhethi ye-LRC ukuthi inamaza emvelo athile ancike kumanani we-L ne-C. Ake sithi ngenze okuthile okuhlukile. Kuthiwani uma ngixhuma umthombo we-voltage oscillating kule sekhethi ye-LRC? ubuningi bamanje kumjikelezo buncike emvamisa yomthombo we-voltage oscillating.Lapho imvamisa yomthombo we-voltage kanye nesifunda se-LC sifana, uzothola ubuningi bamanje.
Ishubhu elinecwecwe le-aluminium liyi-capacitor, kanti ishubhu elinentambo liyi-inductor. Kanye (i-diode ne-earpiece) lokhu kwakha irediyo eyikristalu.Yebo, ngiyihlanganise nezinye izinto ezilula (ngalandela imiyalelo kule YouTube ividiyo).Umbono oyisisekelo uwukulungisa amanani ama-capacitor nama-inductors ukuze "ashune" esiteshini somsakazo esithile. Angikwazi ukusenza sisebenze kahle-angicabangi ukuthi zikhona iziteshi zomsakazo ezinhle ze-AM eduze. (noma i-inductor yami iphukile). Nokho, ngithole ukuthi le khithi yerediyo endala isebenza kangcono.
Ngithole isiteshi engingasizwa kahle, ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi umsakazo wami engizakhele wona ungase ungabi muhle ngokwanele ukuthi ungamukela isiteshi.Kodwa ngabe le RLC isebenza kanjani ngempela, futhi uwuthola kanjani umsindo kuwo?Mhlawumbe Ngizoyigcina kokuthunyelwe okuzayo.
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